When presenting expressions, we saw examples of common arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Here we will present two additional operations which are closely ...

I welcomed the New Year by playing mahjong with my family. The version we play starts with one person rolling three dice and then counting around the table of four players to whatever the total is.

Pure-Python library for working with modular arithmetic, congruence classes, and finite fields. A library for number theory and modular arithmetic algorithms in Python e.g. Pollard Rho, Miller–Rabin ...

Abstract: The Montgomery multiplication is an efficient method for modular arithmetic. Typically, it is used for modular arithmetic over integer rings to prevent the expensive inversion for the modulo ...

Abstract: The Montgomery multiplication is an efficient method for modular arithmetic. Typically, it is used for modular arithmetic over integer rings to prevent the expensive inversion for the modulo ...

Code for arithmetic with polynomials mod p and within finite fields. The code deals with various objects, such as integers modulo a number, elements in a finite field, and with arithmetic in finite ...

ABSTRACT: In this paper, we present and discuss the topology of modular spaces using the filter base and we then characterize closed subsets as well as its regularity.

This paper introduces a new paradigm for the construction of reversible transforms that map integers to integers. Transform matrices with integer entries are first considered, and the modulo ...