Buckling in shell structures, encompassing both spherical and cylindrical forms, remains a central focus in structural mechanics due to its implications in civil engineering, aerospace, soft robotics ...

RIVERSIDE, Calif. -- A virus, the simplest physical object in biology, consists of a protein shell called the capsid, which protects its nucleic acid genome -- RNA or DNA. The capsid can be ...

A team of physicists and a virologist explains how large virus shells are formed. Their work can also be used also to explain how large spherical crystals form in nature. This understanding may help ...